Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent form of hair loss, fundamentally influenced by the androgenic metabolite Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which exerts deleterious effects on hair follicle architecture and is associated with substantial psychological distress. Current pharmacological interventions, notably minoxidil and finasteride, have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in promoting hair regrowth; however, their clinical utility is often confounded by significant interindividual variability and a spectrum of potential adverse effects. Non-pharmacological strategies, including Growth Factor Concentrate (GFC) and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), as well as surgical modalities such as hair transplantation, require further empirical scrutiny to substantiate their therapeutic effectiveness.
Recent advancements in therapeutic paradigms are pivoting towards innovative strategies that harness gene therapy, stem cell technologies, and exosomes derived from adipose tissue stem cells (ASC-Exosomes).[1] These exosomes, characterised as extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 200 nm, are secreted by diverse cell types and play pivotal roles in intercellular signalling and tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), harvested from various tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, are recognised for their capacity to produce exosomes laden with bioactive molecules that may facilitate follicular regeneration.[2] Furthermore, plant-derived exosome-like vesicles originating from phytochemicals in herbs such as ginger, grapefruit, and blueberries have been identified, suggesting a novel avenue for exploration in the modulation of hair follicle biology. The therapeutic potential of these natural exosomes necessitates rigorous investigation to elucidate their safety profiles and efficacy within the context of AGA management.[3]